OWL入门教程

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读这篇文章前,请先阅读RDF(S)入门教程
OWL
- Latest standard in ontology languages from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).(W3C认准的本体语言最新标准)
- Built on top of RDF (OWL semantically extends RDF(S)), and based on its predecessor language DAML+OIL.(构建在RDF之上,其实是对RDF(S)进行了语义上的扩展,并且是基于DAML+OIL的,可以说DAML+OIL是它的前身)
- OWL has a rich set of modelling constructors.(OWL有非常丰富的建模方法)
- Three ‘species’: OWL-Lite, OWL-DL and OWL-Full.(有3个种类,OWL-Lite, OWL-DL and OWL-Full)


讲到现在,用下图可以表达出,上面那些概念的关系

OWL其实就处于第四层,RDF(S)在第三层,XML在第二层

Components of an OWL Ontology(最最基本的OWL本体由这么3个组件)
- Individuals(个体,其实就是面向对象编程中的对象)
- Properties(属性,在RDF里面表现为资源之间的联系)
- Classes(类)

我们来看下图

3个圈就代表三个类,圈里的东东就是类的对象、个体,个体与个体之间通过属性相关联。


Reasoning(OWL的推理机制)
- For ontologies that fall into the scope of OWL-DL, we can use a reasoner to infer information that isn’t explicitly represented in an ontology. Standard ‘reasoning services’ are:
- Subsumption testing
- Equivalence testing
- Consistency testing
- Instantiation testing
如果本体是在OWL-DL范围里定义的,即使有些信息在现有的本体中并没有显式说明,我们能使用推理机来推理出这些信息。标准的推理机制有这4种——包含、等价、一致性、实例化,您可以大致思考下这4中推理的简单作用


The Three Species of OWL(OWL的三种形式)
- OWL-Full - No restrictions on how/where language constructs can be used. The union of OWL and RDF(S). OWL-Full is not decidable.(对于如何使用语言建模、使用什么语言建模没有一个规范和限制,很多里面的东西都是不可判定的)
- OWL-DL - Restricted version of OWL-Full.Corresponds to a description logic. Certain restrictions on how/where language constructs can be used in order to guarantee decidability.(上一种形式的限制版本。相当于是一种描述逻辑。在建模上的规范使得这种形式的本体具有可判定性)
- OWL-Lite - A subset of OWL-DL. The simplest and easiest to implement of the three species.(上一种形式的缩减版本,可以升级为上2种形式)

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